python爬虫请求头如何设置?
一、requests设置请求头:
import requests url="http://www.targetweb.com" headers={ 'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8', 'Cache-Control':'max-age=0', 'Connection':'keep-alive', 'Referer':'http://www.baidu.com/', 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4882.400 QQBrowser/9.7.13059.400'} res=requests.get(url,headers=headers) #图片下载时要用到字节流,请求方式如下 #res=requests.get(url,stream=True,headers)
二、Selenium Chrome请求头设置:
from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument('lang=zh_CN.UTF-8')# 设置中文 options.add_argument('user-agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4882.400 QQBrowser/9.7.13059.400"')# 设置头部 browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options) url="http://www.targetweb.com" browser.get(url) browser.quit()
三、selenium phantomjs请求头设置:
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities des_cap = dict(DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS) des_cap["phantomjs.page.settings.userAgent"] = ("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4882.400 QQBrowser/9.7.13059.400") browser = webdriver.PhantomJS(desired_capabilities=des_cap) url="http://www.targetweb.com" browser.get(url) browser.quit()
四、爬虫框架scrapy设置请求头:
在settings.py文件中添加如下:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { 'accept': 'image/webp,*/*;q=0.8', 'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8', 'referer': 'https://www.baidu.com/', 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4882.400 QQBrowser/9.7.13059.400',}
五、Python异步Aiohttp请求头设置:
import aiohttp url="http://www.targetweb.com" headers={ 'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8', 'Cache-Control':'max-age=0', 'Connection':'keep-alive', 'Referer':'http://www.baidu.com/', 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4882.400 QQBrowser/9.7.13059.400'} asyncwithaiohttp.ClientSession(headers=headers)assession: asyncwithsession.get(url)asresp: print(resp.status) print(awaitresp.text())
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