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Eclipse中输出带颜色的log4j日志信息

发布时间：2016-10-21   编辑：jiaochengji.com
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clipse 是一个开放源代码的、基于Java的可扩展开发平台。就其本身而言，它只是一个框架和一组服务，下文我们一起来看一篇Eclipse中输出带颜色的log4j日志信息的例子。

使用Eclipse开发程序的时候，有时候希望将不同级别的日志在控制台显示成不同的颜色，这样查看起来非常的方便。如果希望控制台显示不同的颜色，需要使用ANSI escape code，比如如果将文本内容(text)使用红色输出，使用如下格式：

 "\u001b["      // 前缀
 "0"          // 高亮
 ";"           // 分隔符
 "31"       // 颜色代码（红色）
 "m"           // 后缀
 text       // 文本内容
 "\u001b[m"     // 结束符
不过需要说明的是，windows自2000之后控制台不支持ANSI escape code，并且默认的Eclipse控制台也不支持，需要先安装一个名为ANSI Escape in Console的插件，可以直接在Eclipse Marketplace中搜索安装，如果因为网络的问题出现错误可以多尝试几遍。安装完成之后会在Console窗口出现一个ANSIEscapeinConsole-icon小图标，用来控制是否启用ANSI escape code模式。
ANSI Escape in Console

根据上面的规则，可以使用三种方法实现输出带颜色的日志信息：

1. 自定义ConsoleAppender
Dan Dyer实现了一个ANSIConsoleAppender，代码如下：

 import org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender;
 import org.apache.log4j.Level;
 import org.apache.log4j.Priority;
 import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;  
 
 /**
  * Colour-coded console appender for Log4J.
  */
 public class ANSIConsoleAppender extends ConsoleAppender
 {
     private static final int NORMAL = 0;
     private static final int BRIGHT = 1;
     private static final int FOREGROUND_BLACK = 30;
     private static final int FOREGROUND_RED = 31;
     private static final int FOREGROUND_GREEN = 32;
     private static final int FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 33;
     private static final int FOREGROUND_BLUE = 34;
     private static final int FOREGROUND_MAGENTA = 35;
     private static final int FOREGROUND_CYAN = 36;
     private static final int FOREGROUND_WHITE = 37;  
 
     private static final String PREFIX = "\u001b[";
     private static final String SUFFIX = "m";
     private static final char SEPARATOR = ';';
     private static final String END_COLOUR = PREFIX SUFFIX;  
 
     private static final String FATAL_COLOUR = PREFIX
       BRIGHT SEPARATOR FOREGROUND_RED SUFFIX;
     private static final String ERROR_COLOUR = PREFIX
       NORMAL SEPARATOR FOREGROUND_RED SUFFIX;
     private static final String WARN_COLOUR = PREFIX
       NORMAL SEPARATOR FOREGROUND_YELLOW SUFFIX;
     private static final String INFO_COLOUR = PREFIX
       NORMAL SEPARATOR FOREGROUND_GREEN SUFFIX;
     private static final String DEBUG_COLOUR = PREFIX
       NORMAL SEPARATOR FOREGROUND_CYAN SUFFIX;
     private static final String TRACE_COLOUR = PREFIX
       NORMAL SEPARATOR FOREGROUND_BLUE SUFFIX;  
 
     /**
      * Wraps the ANSI control characters around the
      * output from the super-class Appender.
      */
     protected void subAppend(LoggingEvent event)
     {
         this.qw.write(getColour(event.getLevel()));
         super.subAppend(event);
         this.qw.write(END_COLOUR);  
 
         if(this.immediateFlush)
         {
             this.qw.flush();
         }
     }  
 
     /**
      * Get the appropriate control characters to change
      * the colour for the specified logging level.
      */
     private String getColour(Level level)
     {
         switch (level.toInt())
         {
             case Priority.FATAL_INT: return FATAL_COLOUR;
             case Priority.ERROR_INT: return ERROR_COLOUR;
             case Priority.WARN_INT: return WARN_COLOUR;
             case Priority.INFO_INT: return INFO_COLOUR;
             case Priority.DEBUG_INT:return DEBUG_COLOUR;
             default: return TRACE_COLOUR;
         }
     }
 }
可以根据自己的要求调整显示的颜色，这个时候需要在log4j的配置文件将Console设置成上面的ANSIConsoleAppender：
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, Console
log4j.appender.Console=ANSIConsoleAppender

2. 自定义PatternLayout
Ingo Thon实现了一个ColoredPatternLayout（源代码 ColoredPatternLayout.java），内容如下：

 /*
  * Copyright  2002,2004 The Apache Software Foundation
  *
  *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  *  limitations under the License.
  *
  */
 package util.log4j;
 
 import org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout;
 import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
 import org.apache.log4j.Level;
 
 import java.util.StringTokenizer;
 
 /**
  * <p> A layout wich has the same functions as the
  *     Patternlayout.</p>
  * <p> But it also allows to let the output be colored</p>
  * <p> The ColorStrings are formated as follows <br>
  *     "foreground/background/attribute" where
  *      <ul>
  *        <li> foreground and backround is one of
  *         <ul>
  *          <li>black</li>
  *          <li>red</li>
  *          <li>green</li>
  *          <li>yellow</li>
  *          <li>blue</li>
  *          <li>magenta</li>
  *          <li>cyan</li>
  *          <li>white</li>
  *         </ul>
  *        </li>
  *        <li> attribute is one of
  *         <ul>
  *          <li>normal</li><li>bright</li><li>dim</li>
  *          <li>underline</li><li>blink</li><li>reverse</li>
  *          <li>hidden</li>
  *         </ul>
  *        </li>
  *      </li>
  *     </ul>
  * </p>
  * <p>
  *   the following colors could be set
  *   <ul>
  *     <li>FatalErrorColor</li>
  *     <li>ErrorColor</li>
  *     <li>WarnColor</li>
  *     <li>InfoColor</li>
  *     <li>DebugColor</li>
  *   </ul>
  * </p>
  *
  * major parts of this class came from the apache ant AnsiColorLogger
  * @author Ingo Thon isthon a-t gmx d0t de
  * @version 0.1 (alpha)
  */
 public class ColoredPatternLayout extends PatternLayout{
     private static final String CONFIGURATION_SEPARATOR="/";
 
     private static final String PREFIX = "\u001b[";
     private static final String SUFFIX = "m";
     private static final char SEPARATOR = ';';
     private static final String END_COLOR = PREFIX SUFFIX;
 
     private static final String ATTR_NORMAL = "0";
     private static final String ATTR_BRIGHT = "1";
     private static final String ATTR_DIM = "2";
     private static final String ATTR_UNDERLINE = "3";
     private static final String ATTR_BLINK = "5";
     private static final String ATTR_REVERSE = "7";
     private static final String ATTR_HIDDEN = "8";
 
     private static final String FG_BLACK = "30";
     private static final String FG_RED = "31";
     private static final String FG_GREEN = "32";
     private static final String FG_YELLOW = "33";
     private static final String FG_BLUE = "34";
     private static final String FG_MAGENTA = "35";
     private static final String FG_CYAN = "36";
     private static final String FG_WHITE = "37";
 
     private static final String BG_BLACK = "40";
     private static final String BG_RED = "41";
     private static final String BG_GREEN = "42";
     private static final String BG_YELLOW = "44";
     private static final String BG_BLUE = "44";
     private static final String BG_MAGENTA = "45";
     private static final String BG_CYAN = "46";
     private static final String BG_WHITE = "47";
 
     private String fatalErrorColor
     = PREFIX ATTR_DIM SEPARATOR FG_RED SUFFIX;
     private String errorColor
     = PREFIX ATTR_DIM SEPARATOR FG_RED SUFFIX;
     private String warnColor
     = PREFIX ATTR_DIM SEPARATOR FG_MAGENTA SUFFIX;
     private String infoColor
     = PREFIX ATTR_DIM SEPARATOR FG_GREEN SUFFIX;
     private String debugColor
     = PREFIX ATTR_DIM SEPARATOR FG_WHITE SUFFIX;
   
     public ColoredPatternLayout(){
     super();
     }
     public ColoredPatternLayout(String pattern){
     super(pattern);
     }
 
     public String format(LoggingEvent event){
     if( event.getLevel() == Level.FATAL){
         return fatalErrorColor super.format(event) END_COLOR;
     }else if( event.getLevel() == Level.ERROR){
         return errorColor super.format(event) END_COLOR;
     }if( event.getLevel() == Level.WARN){
         return warnColor super.format(event) END_COLOR;
     }if( event.getLevel() == Level.INFO){
         return infoColor super.format(event) END_COLOR;
     }if( event.getLevel() == Level.DEBUG){
         return debugColor super.format(event) END_COLOR;
     }else{
         throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported Level " event.toString());
     }
     }
     private String makeFgString(String fgColorName){
     //System.out.println("fg " fgColorName);
     if(fgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("black")){
         return FG_BLACK;
     }else if(fgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("red")){
         return FG_RED;
     }else if(fgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("green")){
         return FG_GREEN;
     }else if(fgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("yellow")){
         return FG_YELLOW;
     }else if(fgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("blue")){
         return FG_BLUE;
     }else if(fgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("magenta")){
         return FG_MAGENTA;
     }else if(fgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("cyan")){
         return FG_CYAN;
     }else if(fgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("white")){
         return FG_WHITE;
     }
     System.out.println("log4j: ColoredPatternLayout Unsupported FgColor " fgColorName);
     return "-1";
     }
     private String makeBgString(String bgColorName){
     //System.out.println("bg " bgColorName);
     if(bgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("black")){
         return BG_BLACK;
     }else if(bgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("red")){
         return BG_RED;
     }else if(bgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("green")){
         return BG_GREEN;
     }else if(bgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("yellow")){
         return BG_YELLOW;
     }else if(bgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("blue")){
         return BG_BLUE;
     }else if(bgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("magenta")){
         return BG_MAGENTA;
     }else if(bgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("cyan")){
         return BG_CYAN;
     }else if(bgColorName.toLowerCase().equals("white")){
         return BG_WHITE;
     }
     System.out.println("log4j: ColoredPatternLayout Unsupported BgColor " bgColorName);
     return "-1";
     }
 
 
     private String makeAttributeString(String attributeName){
     //System.out.println("attribute " attributeName);
     if(attributeName.toLowerCase().equals("normal")){
         return ATTR_NORMAL;
     }else if(attributeName.toLowerCase().equals("bright")){
         return ATTR_BRIGHT;
     }else if(attributeName.toLowerCase().equals("dim")){
         return ATTR_DIM;
     }else if(attributeName.toLowerCase().equals("underline")){
         return ATTR_UNDERLINE;
     }else if(attributeName.toLowerCase().equals("blink")){
         return ATTR_BLINK;
     }else if(attributeName.toLowerCase().equals("reverse")){
         return ATTR_REVERSE;
     }else if(attributeName.toLowerCase().equals("hidden")){
         return ATTR_HIDDEN;
     }
     System.out.println("log4j: ColoredPatternLayout Unsupported Attribute " attributeName);
 
     return "-1";
     }
 
     private String makeColorString(String colorName){
     //System.out.println(colorName);
     StringTokenizer tokenizer=new StringTokenizer(colorName,
                               CONFIGURATION_SEPARATOR);
     String fgColor=FG_WHITE;
     String bgColor=BG_BLACK;
     String attr=ATTR_NORMAL;
     if(!tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()){
         return PREFIX ATTR_NORMAL SEPARATOR FG_WHITE SUFFIX;
     }
     if(tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()){
         fgColor=makeFgString(tokenizer.nextToken());
     }
     if(tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()){
         bgColor=makeBgString(tokenizer.nextToken());
     }
     if(tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()){
         attr=makeAttributeString(tokenizer.nextToken());
     }
     //return PREFIX ATTR_DIM SEPARATOR FG_WHITE SUFFIX;
     return PREFIX attr
         SEPARATOR fgColor
         SEPARATOR bgColor
         SUFFIX;
     }
     //--> from here configuration {
     /** returns the configured color for error msgs
      * should normally return only the string for the color
      */
     public String getFatalErrorColor(){
     return fatalErrorColor;
     }
     public void setFatalErrorColor(String colorName){
     fatalErrorColor=makeColorString(colorName);
     }
     /** returns the configured color for error msgs
      * should normally return only the string for the color
      */
     public String getErrorColor(){
     return errorColor;
     }
     public void setErrorColor(String colorName){
     //System.out.println(colorName);
     errorColor=makeColorString(colorName);
     }
     /** returns the configured color for error msgs
      * should normally return only the string for the color
      */
     public String getWarnColor(){
     return warnColor;
     }
     public void setWarnColor(String colorName){
     warnColor=makeColorString(colorName);
     }
     /** returns the configured color for error msgs
      * should normally return only the string for the color
      */
     public String getInfoColor(){
     return infoColor;
     }
     public void setInfoColor(String colorName){
     infoColor=makeColorString(colorName);
     }
     /** returns the configured color for error msgs
      * should normally return only the string for the color
      */
     public String getDebugColor(){
     return debugColor;
     }
     public void setDebugColor(String colorName){
     //System.out.println(makeColorString(colorName));
     debugColor=makeColorString(colorName);
     }
 
     //<-- configuration }
 
 
 }

需要在log4j配置文件中设置自定义的layout，并且可以设置各种日志级别的颜色：

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, Console
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.layout=util.log4j.ColoredPatternLayout
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ErrorColor=red
log4j.appender.Console.layout.DebugColor=blue/green/bright

3. 使用jcabi-log的MulticolorLayout

jcabi-log是一个非常不错的日志工具包，基于slf4j，同时也提供了一个用于log4j的layout：MulticolorLayout。首先在maven中引用jcabi-log:

 <dependency>
   <groupId>com.jcabi</groupId>
   <artifactId>jcabi-log</artifactId>
   <version>0.16</version>
 </dependency>

然后在log4j配置文件中启用MulticolorLayout：

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, Console
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.layout=com.jcabi.log.MulticolorLayout
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%color{%-5p}] %c: %m%n

综合来看我觉得方案2最轻量并且可自定义，但如果不是采用log4j的话可以使用jcabi-log包。需要注意的是，如果目标控制器不支持ANSI escape或者生产环境中需要将日志写入到文件中的话不建议使用，否则会增加一些不可识别的字符。

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