linux中安装mysql数据库的2种方法

编译安装mysql

安装前准备

如果mysql用户不存在，那么添加mysql用户

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql

mysql编译安装

wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.1/mysql-5.1.70.tar.gz
tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.70.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.70

yum install ncurses ncurses-devel
./configure  '--prefix=/usr/local/mysql' '--without-debug' '--with-charset=utf8' '--with-extra-charsets=all' '--enable-assembler' '--with-pthread' '--enable-thread-safe-client' '--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static' '--with-client-ldflags=-all-static' '--with-big-tables' '--with-readline' '--with-ssl' '--with-embedded-server' '--enable-local-infile' '--with-plugins=innobase'
make
make install

到此mysql就安装到了/usr/local/mysql路径下，下面开始mysql的配置工作
------------------------------------

安装mysql选项文件

   
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

mysql设置开机自启动

cp -r support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 
/sbin/chkconfig --del mysqld
/sbin/chkconfig --add mysqld
配置权限表

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
启动mysql

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

这一步可能会报错

/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 260: my_print_defaults: command not found
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 263: my_print_defaults: command not found
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 270: @HOSTNAME@: command not found
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 279: @HOSTNAME@: command not found
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 292: cd: @prefix@: No such file or directory
Starting MySQLCouldn't find MySQL manager (@bindir@/mysqlmanager) or server (@bindir@/mysqld_safe) [FAILED]

因为路径没有设置，请重启确认上面配置工作是否都完成，一般是configure后没有make和make install。

mysql初始化配置：

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

mysql如何导入旧的数据：

直接拷贝数据库文件夹到数据目录下然后执行

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p flush-tables

mysql安装过程中问题

1.
make[2]: Entering directory `/down/webinstall/mysql-5.1.57/mysql-test
make[3]: Entering directory `/down/webinstall/mysql-5.1.57/mysql-test
make[3]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am.
make INSTALL_TO_DIR="/usr/local/mysql/mysql-test" install_test_files
make[4]: Entering directory `/down/webinstall/mysql-5.1.57/mysql-test
时间较长

MYSQL安装到这里卡了很久，可能以为出错了，实际上MYSQL已经安装成功了，它这步过段时间就会好了，是mysql在自我编译测试造成的。

2.checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
yum install ncurses ncurses-devel

3.Starting MySQL.Manager of pid-file quit without updating fi[FAILED]

启动数据库之前，需要先配置权限表，其中/usr/local/mysql为mysql的安装目录
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

上面安装mysql是通过编译的方式安装，此次不进行编译，直接安装。

[root@hk tools]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@hk tools]# tar zxf mysql-5.6.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@hk tools]# mv mysql-5.6.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /opt/
[root@hk opt]# mv mysql-5.6.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
[root@hk opt]# /usr/sbin/useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M
[root@hk opt]# cd mysql/
[root@hk mysql]# /opt/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/opt/mysql/ --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --user=mysql
[root@hk mysql]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.backup
[root@hk mysql]# sed -i 's#＼# socket = .....# socket = /tmp/mysql.sock#g' my.cnf
[root@hk mysql]# cp /opt/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@hk mysql]# /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
[root@hk mysql]# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name  
tcp        0      0 :::3306                     :::*                        LISTEN      28104/mysqld 
[root@hk mysql]#  /opt/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2) #看下面的sock的配置
[root@hk mysql]# sed -i 's#＼# socket = .....# socket = /tmp/mysql.sock#g' my.cnf
[root@hk mysql]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)   #居然报错
[root@hk mysql]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
[1] 30062
mysql> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('admin123') where user='root';    #设置密码
mysql> flush privileges;
[root@hk mysql]# skill 30194
[root@hk mysql]# 140601 00:14:38 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /opt/mysql/data/hk.t4x.org.pid ended
[1]   Done                    /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
[root@hk mysql]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)    #错误依旧
[root@hk mysql]# vim /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server   #配置文件中默认配置目录是/usr/local/mysql
[root@hk mysql]# ln -s /opt/mysql /usr/local/mysql    #设置软连接
[root@hk mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'admin123'
mysql>

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