golang知识点——http及其他标准库
发布时间：2022-01-21 编辑：jiaochengji.com
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="display: none;"><path stroke-linecap="round" d="M5,0 0,2.5 5,5z" id="raphael-marker-block" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"/></svg><h4>http标准库</h4>
<pre><code class="lang-go hljs"><span class="token keyword">package</span> main
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"fmt"</span>
<span class="token string">"net/http"</span>
<span class="token string">"net/http/httputil"</span>
<span class="token boolean">_</span> <span class="token string">"net/http/pprof"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
request<span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token operator">:=</span> http<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">NewRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>http<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MethodGet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"http://www.imooc.com"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">nil</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
request<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Header<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"User-Agent"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">"Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 13_2_3 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/13.0.3 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// resp, err := http.Get("http://www.imooc.com")</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> err <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token boolean">nil</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">panic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
respClient <span class="token operator">:=</span> http<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Client<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
CheckRedirect<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">func</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>req <span class="token operator">*</span>http<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Request<span class="token punctuation">,</span> via <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">*</span>http<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Request<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">error</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Redirect:"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> req<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">nil</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> errClientDo <span class="token operator">:=</span> respClient<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Do</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>request<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> errClientDo <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token boolean">nil</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">panic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">defer</span> resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Body<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
s<span class="token punctuation">,</span> errDumpResponse <span class="token operator">:=</span> httputil<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">DumpResponse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>resp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> errDumpResponse <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token boolean">nil</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">panic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>errDumpResponse<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"%s"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> s<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul><li>使用http客户端发送请求</li><li>使用http.Client控制请求头部等</li><li>使用httputil简化工作</li></ul><h4>其他标准库</h4>
<ul><li>bufio</li><li>log</li><li>encoding/json</li><li>regexp</li><li>time</li><li>string/math/rand</li><li>标准库网站
<ul><li>godoc -http:8888 (需要安装godoc)</li><li>http://www.studygolang/pkgdoc</li></ul></li></ul><h4>gin框架介绍</h4>
<pre><code class="lang-go hljs"><span class="token keyword">package</span> main
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token string">"math/rand"</span>
<span class="token string">"time"</span>
<span class="token string">"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"</span>
<span class="token string">"go.uber.org/zap"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> keyRequestId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"requestId"</span>
<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
r <span class="token operator">:=</span> gin<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Default</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
logger<span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token operator">:=</span> zap<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">NewProduction</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> err <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token boolean">nil</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">panic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">//middleware</span>
r<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">func</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c <span class="token operator">*</span>gin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
s <span class="token operator">:=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
c<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
logger<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Info</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"income request"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
zap<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">String</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"path"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Request<span class="token punctuation">.</span>URL<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Path<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
zap<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Int</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"status"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Status</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
zap<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Duration</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"time"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
zap<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Int</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keyRequestId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keyRequestId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">func</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c <span class="token operator">*</span>gin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
c<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keyRequestId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> rand<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Int</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
c<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">//router</span>
r<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GET</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/ping"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">func</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c <span class="token operator">*</span>gin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
h <span class="token operator">:=</span> gin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>H<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">"message"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">"pong"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> rid<span class="token punctuation">,</span> exist <span class="token operator">:=</span> c<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keyRequestId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> exist <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
h<span class="token punctuation">[</span>keyRequestId<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> rid
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
c<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> h<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
r<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GET</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/hello"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">func</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c <span class="token operator">*</span>gin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Context<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
c<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">String</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"hello"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
r<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul><li>gin-gonic/gin</li><li>middleware的使用</li><li>context的使用</li></ul>
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