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用Axis和SOAP开发基于JAX-RPC的Web服务（2）

发布时间：2018-12-21 编辑：jiaochengji.com

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1. Web服务示例：订单处理<o:p></o:p>

我之所以选择“订单处理”作为示例，是因为它比较接近实际的商业用例。该Web服务能够处理，更新一个给定的订单。为了达到这个目的，它必须具有两个方法：processOrder和updateOrder。方法processOrder具有一个IN参数orderID和一个作为OUT参数的Order（订单）对象。processOrder方法返回一个状态字符串。方法updateOrder把一个Order（订单）对象作为INOUT参数，它更新orderDate，并且把Order对象返回给客户端。由于这两个方法都用到了一个复杂数据类型Order，更确切的说，它被用作为OUT/INOUT参数，所以需要开发一个Holder类。下面的清单1和清单2分别给出了Order类和相应的Holder类（为了说明，全部代码都放在sample包中）：<o:p></o:p><pre>清单1：Order类<o:p></o:p></PRE><pre>package sample;</pre><pre>public class Order {</pre><pre> // ID for order</PRE><pre> private String orderID = null;</PRE><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre> // date of order</PRE><pre> private String orderDate= null;</PRE><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre> // getter methodspublic String getOrderID() {</PRE><pre> return orderID;</PRE><pre> }</PRE><pre> public String getOrderID() {</pre><pre> return orderID;</PRE><pre> }</PRE><pre> // setter methods</PRE><pre> public void setOrderID(String orderID) {</PRE><pre> this.orderID = orderID;</PRE><pre> } public void setOrderDate(String orderDate) {</PRE><pre> this. orderDate = orderDate;</PRE><pre> }</PRE><pre>}</pre>

<o:p> </o:p>

<pre>清单2：Order类相应的Holder类<o:p></o:p></PRE>
<o:p> </o:p>
<pre>// Note that holder class is in the holders package and its name</pre><pre>// is derived by adding Holder as a suffix to ''Order'', as per</pre><pre>// the JAX-RPC specification.</pre><pre>package sample.holders;</pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>public class OrderHolder {</pre><pre> // Order''s object</PRE><pre> public Order value = null;</PRE><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre> // default constructor</PRE><pre> public void OrderHolder () { }</PRE><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre> // constructor, which takes value as a parameter</PRE><pre> public void OrderHolder (Order value) {</PRE><pre> this.value=value;</PRE><pre> }</PRE><pre>}</pre>
<o:p> </o:p>
现在，我们来开发具有上述功能的Web服务。清单3给出了相应的代码。<o:p></o:p>
清单3：订单处理Web服务<o:p></o:p><pre>package sample;</pre><pre>public class OrderProcessingService {</pre><pre> // Method 1: processes a order given ID as input and</PRE><pre> // return status and Order object as an OUT parameter</PRE><pre> public String processOrder(String orderID,</PRE><pre> OrderHolder orderHolder ) {</PRE><pre> String status = "pending";</PRE><pre> // perform business logic here</PRE><pre> // for simplicity just filling the Order object</PRE><pre> Order order = new Order();</PRE><pre> order.setOrderID(orderID);</PRE><pre> order.setOrderDate("<st1:date year="2003" day="3" month="3">03 March 2003</st1:date>");</PRE><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre> // set the Holder value to the order.</PRE><pre> orderHolder.value = order;</PRE><pre> //set the status</PRE><pre> status = "complete" ;</PRE><pre> return status;</PRE><pre> }</PRE><pre> // Method 2: updates a order given Order as an INOUT</PRE><pre> // parameter and returns status.</PRE><pre> public String updateOrder(OrderHolder orderHolder) {</PRE><pre> String status = "pending";</PRE><pre> // perform update here</PRE><pre> Order order = orderHolder.value;</PRE><pre> order.setOrderDate("<st1:date year="2003" day="3" month="4">03 April 2003</st1:date>");</PRE><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre> // Note that orderID is not changed.</PRE><pre> // It will be same as the passed one.</PRE><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre> // set the Holder value to the order.</PRE><pre> orderHolder.value = order;</PRE><pre> //set the status</PRE><pre> status = "complete" ;</PRE><pre> return status;</PRE><pre> }</PRE><pre>}</pre>
至此，我们已经完成Web服务的开发，下一步就是编译，把它部署到Tomcat-Axis平台上去。编译后，我们需要用部署描述文件把上述的Web服务部署到Tomcat-Axis。<o:p></o:p>
清单4：部署文件deploy.wsdd<o:p></o:p><pre><deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/Axis/wsdd/"</pre><pre> xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/Axis/wsdd/providers/java"></PRE><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre><service name=" OrderProcessingService" provider="java:RPC"></pre><pre> <parameter name="className"</PRE><pre> value="sample.OrderProcessingService "/></PRE><pre> <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/></PRE><pre> <operation name="processOrder"></PRE><pre> <parameter name="arg1" mode="IN"/></PRE><pre> <parameter name="arg2" mode="OUT"/></PRE><pre> </operation></PRE><pre> <operation name="updateOrder"></PRE><pre> <parameter name="arg1" mode="INOUT"/></PRE><pre> </operation></PRE><pre></service></pre>
</deployment>
<o:p> </o:p>
 上述的部署描述文件实际上是让服务器知道有关该Web服务的一些信息，例如公开的方法，期望的参数以及返回值类型等。部署OrderProcessingService，我们需要传递参数“deploy.wsdd”，调用Axis admin服务。运行在同一服务器上的admin服务将处理描述文件，部署该Web服务，至此，它可以被客户端调用了。<o:p></o:p>
 在与deploy.wsdd文件相同的目录下运行下列命令：<o:p></o:p>
java -cp %AxisCLASSPATH% org.apache.Axis.client.AdminClient<o:p></o:p>
-lhttp://localhost:8080/Axis/services/AdminService deploy.wsdd<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
其中，AxisCLASSPATH用于设置Axis环境（详情请参考Axis/" target=new>Axis installation guide</A>）。<o:p></o:p>
可以通过下面的地址来访问OrderProcessing服务：http://<your_machine_name>:<port-num>/<contextURI>/<serviceURI>.<o:p></o:p>
对我们的示例来说，地址如下：<o:p></o:p>
Axis/services/OrderProcessing">http://localhost:8080/Axis/services/OrderProcessing</A><o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
2. Web服务OrderProcessing的客户端<o:p></o:p>
动态客户端<o:p></o:p>
动态客户端类似于用反射APIs（reflection APIs）查找，调用Java类的方法.<o:p></o:p>
这里，所有的信息，例如目标端点（target endpoint），方法参数等等都必须明确的设定。清单5所列出的代码展示了怎样编写一个调用Web服务OrderProcessing的updateOrder方法的动态客户端。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
<pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">清单5：动态客户端<o:p></o:p></PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">package sample.client;</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">import org.apache.Axis.client.Call;</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">import org.apache.Axis.client.Service;</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">import org.apache.Axis.encoding.XMLType;</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">import javax.xml.RPC.ParameterMode;</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">import javax.xml.RPC.encoding.*;</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">import javax.xml.namespace.QName;</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">import java.util.*;</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">import sample.*;</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">/**</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> * This class illustrates how to use the JAX-RPC API to invoke</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> * the Order Processing Web service dynamically</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> */</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">public class DynamicClient {</pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> // create service factory</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> ServiceFactory factory = ServiceFactory.newInstance();</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> // define qnames</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> String targetNamespace = "OrderProcessingService";</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> QName serviceName = new QName(targetNamespace,</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> "OrderProcessingService");</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> QName portName = new QName(targetNamespace,</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> "OrderProcessingService");</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> QName operationName = new QName(targetNamespace, "updateOrder");</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> // create service</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> Service service = new Service();</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> Call call = (Call) service.createCall();</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> Qname qn = new Qname(targetNamespace, "OrderHolder");</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> call.registerTypeMapping(OrderHolder.class, qn,</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> new org.apache.Axis.encoding.ser.BeanSerializerFactory</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> (OrderHolder.class, qn),</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> new org.apache.Axis.encoding.ser.BeanDeserializerFactory</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> (TicketHolder.class, qn));</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> // set port and operation name</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> call.setPortTypeName(portName);</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> call.setOperationName(operationName);</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> // add parameters</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> call.addParameter( "arg1", serviceName, ParameterMode.INOUT );</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> call.setReturnType( XMLType.XSD_STRING );</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> Order order = new Order ();</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> order.setOrderID("Order001");</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> order.setOrderDate("<st1:date year="2003" day="3" month="3">03 March 2003</st1:date>");</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> // set end point address</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> call.setTargetEndpointAddress(</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> "http://localhost:8080/Axis/services/OrderProcessing");</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> // Invoke the WebService</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> String result = (String) call.invoke( new Object[] { order } );</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> System.out.println("result : " result);</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> Map outparams = call.getOutputParams();</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> System.out.println("Got the outparams");</PRE><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">}</pre>
<o:p> </o:p>
3. 运行客户端<o:p></o:p>
用下列命令运行客户端：<o:p></o:p><pre style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><Prompt>java -cp %AxisCLASSPATH% sample.client.DynamicClient</pre>
结果如下：<o:p></o:p>
得到输出参数（如在开发客户端时所提到的一样）。<o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>
4. 结论<o:p></o:p>
本文试图揭开Web服务的神秘面纱，表达一种使用Apache开放源代码的Axis工具开发基于JAX-RPC的Web服务是多么的简单和经济适用。该文还详细阐述了一种“怎样开发”基于JAX-RPC的Web服务的方式。这种开发方式给开发者充分的自由去编写Web服务和客户端，隐藏了以有线XML（on-the-wire XML）格式序列化对象的所有复杂细节。对开发人员来说，它看起来只不过是Java方法调用。本文系列的下一部分，我将讲解Web服务的其他方法和技术。<o:p></o:p>
5. 参考资料<o:p></o:p>
l http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/index.html <o:p></o:p>
l Axis/" target=new>http://ws.apache.org/Axis/</A> <o:p></o:p>
l JAXRPC" target=new>http://java.sun.com/xml/JAXRPC</A> <o:p></o:p>


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