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CakePHP 中文教程3

发布时间：2016-10-29 编辑：jiaochengji.com

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第五章 Scaffolding (脚手架?)<o:p></o:p>

Scaffolding是一个很棒的途径，使得早期开发的部分web应用能够运行起来。早期的数据库模式是不稳定的，很容易变化。Scaffolding有个下降趋势：web程序员憎恨创建以后可能根本用不到的forms。为了减少程序员的这种重复劳动, Cake中包含了Scaffolding。Scaffolding分析数据库，创建一些标准的使用add、delete、和edit按钮的lists，创建输入的forms，以及查看数据库中一个item的标准views。为了在程序中的controller中添加Scaffolding，需要添加$scaffold变量：

注意save操作是如何放置在一个条件语句中：如果你试图保存数据到model中，cake自动尝试确数据正确（根据你提供的规则）。可以查看第十章了解更多关于正确规则（validation）.如果不想查看正确性直接保存数据，使用save($data,false);

 其他有用的保存方法：

●savaFieldId($name,$value)

 ○保存一个单field的值

●getLastInsertID()

○返回最近创建记录的ID

1．4 Model的Callbacks

 在我们接近0.10.x最终版的时候，我们添加了一些model的回调函数，允许用户能够逻辑上悄悄的在model操作前或操作后执行。为了在应用中获得这种方法，在model中使用提供的参数，重载下面的这些方法

●beforeFind（$conditions）

○这个回调函数在一个查询操作开始之前执行。将查询前的操作逻辑放到这个方法里面。当你在model中重写（override）这个方法时，当你想要find操作执行时候返回true，当你想要执行中止时候返回false

●afterFind（$results）

○使用这个回调函数可以修改从find操作中返回的结果，或者实现其他任何的find后逻辑。这个函数的参数是model的find操作的结果，返回的是修改后的结果。

●beforeSave()

○在这个函数中放置任何保存前的逻辑。如果你像保存操作执行则返回true，否则返回false

●afterSave（）

 ○放置任何你想要在保存后执行的代码在这个回调函数中

●beforeDelete（）

 ○放置删除前的逻辑代码。想要删除操作执行则返回true，否则返回false

●afterDelete（）

 ○放置任何你想要在删除后执行的代码在这个回调函数中

2． Model 变量

 当你创建你的models时候，你可以设置一些特殊的变量，来获得对Cake函数的使用。

●$primaryKey

○如果这个model关联到一个数据库的table,而且数据库的主键并不是id,那么使用这个变量来告诉Cake主键的名字

●$transactional

○告诉Cake该model是否支持传输（举例 begin/commit/rolback）,设置为boolea值。

●$useTable

○如果你想使用的数据库的table并不是model名的复数形式，而且你也不想改变table名，设置这个变量为table名

●$validate

 ○确认传递给model的数据是否正确的一个数组。查看第十章

●$useDbConfig

○还记得数据库设置中，你可以在/app/config/database.php文件中设置么？使用这个变量可以交换他们

class CategoriesController extends AppController
{
var $scaffold;
}

<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">有关<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">Scaffold<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">，要注意一个重要的问题：<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US"> Scaffold<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">期望每个以<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">_id<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">结尾的<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">filed name<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">是一个外键并且指向一个<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">table<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">，<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">table<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的名称和<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">_id<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">前方的一样（只不过是小写的）。所以，举个例子来说，如果你嵌套了分类，你最好有个列叫做<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">parent_id<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">。在这个版本中，最好能够命名为<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">parentid.<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">同样，在表中有一个外键（比如，<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">titles table<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">有个<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">category_id<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">）<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">,<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">并且你已经合适的联结到<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">models<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">（查看<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">6.2<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">理解联结），在<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">show/edit/newd<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">的<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">views<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">中，选择的表将会和外键的表（<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">category<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">）一起自动的表现出来（原文：<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">a select box will be automatically populated with the rows from the foreign table (category) in the show/edit/new views.<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">）。在<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">foreign model<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">中设置<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">$displayField<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">来决定<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">foreign<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">中哪些<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">field<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">会被显示。继续我们的例子，<span style="font-family: ''Times New Roman''; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体" lang="EN-US">category<span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-bidi-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ascii-font-family: ''Times New Roman''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">有个标题
class Title extends AppModel
{
var $displayField = ''title'';
}

第六章 Models<o:p></o:p>

本章内容：

1. Model Function

1.1 用户定义的Function

1.2 检索(retrieving)你的数据

1.3 保存你的数据

1.4 Model的回调（callbacks）

2. Model的变量

3. Associations

<o:p> </o:p>

Model是什么，它是MVC模式中的M

Model做些什么。它使得domain logic和presentation分隔开，独立application logic(It separates domain logic from the presentation, isolating application logic.)

table。Models可以维护数据特定的规则，联结信息以及它使用的table的方法。

<o:p> </o:p>

1. Model的方法<o:p></o:p>

从PHP的观点看，models都是从AppModel类继承来的类。类AppModel原始是定义在 /cake目录下。你也可以创建自己的放在 app/app_model.php.这个文件应该包含一些可供多个models共享的方法。AppModel本身也是从Model类继承而来的，Model类是一个标准的Cake库，定义在 libs/model.php

<o:p> </o:p>

1.1 用户定义的方法

例6.1 Example Model Functions

<?php
class Post extends AppModel
{
 function hide ($id=null)
 {
 if ($id) $this->setId($id);
 $this->set(''hidden'', ''1'');
 $this->save();
 }

 function unhide ($id=null)
 {
 if ($id) $this->setId($id);
 $this->set(''hidden'', ''0'');
 $this->save();
 }
}
?>

1.2 检索数据

下面是使用model得到数据的一些标准方法

●findAll($conditions,$fields,$order,$limit,$page,$recursive)<o:p></o:p>

○返回特定的fields，fields由$limit(默认是50)个记录，匹配$conditions(如果有)，从第$page(默认1)页开始列表，$conditions内容应该像SQL语句中的一样，比如：$conditions=”race = ‘wookie’ AND thermal_detonators><st1:chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="”" w:st="on">3”</st1:chmetcnv>

○当$recursive选项设置成1到3的整数，findAll()将会试图返回在联结到该model中发现的所有项的models.这项递归寻找可以深入3层。<o:p></o:p>

●find($conditions, $fields, $order, $recursive)<o:p></o:p>

○返回匹配$conditions的第一条记录的制定的fields(如果没有指定则返回全部)<o:p></o:p>

○$recursive作用同上<o:p></o:p>

●findAllBy<FieldName>($value) and findBy<FieldName>($value)<o:p></o:p>

○这些奇妙的方法可以用于指定特定的field和特定的value快速查找行,你要做的就是把你的field用驼峰表达法添加在后面。举个例子（用于controller中）

$this->Post->findByTitle(''My First Blog Post'');
$this->Author->findByLastName(''Rogers'');
$this->Property->findAllByState(''AZ'');
$this->Specimen->findAllByKingdom(''Animalia'');
<o:p>

返回的结果是一个数组，和find()以及findAll()返回的结果是一个形式<o:p></o:p>

●field($name,$conditions,$order)<o:p></o:p>

○根据$order排序，根据条件$conditions，将第一条记录中的field值，作为string返回<o:p></o:p>

●findCount($conditions)<o:p></o:p>

○返回匹配$conditions的记录的个数<o:p></o:p>

●generateList<o:p></o:p>

($conditions=null,$order=null,$limit=null,$keyPath=null,$valuePath=null)<o:p></o:p>

<v:shapetype id="_x0000_t202" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="202" path="m,l,21600r21600,l21600,xe"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"></v:path></v:shapetype> ○根据models的lists，得到一系列key的值，特别是根据model list创建<select>list。$conditions, $order, $limit参数使用方法和上面相同。$keyPath和$valuePath是你告诉model那里去找keys和values来成list。举个例子，基于Role model,你想生成一个由ids(类型integer)当作key，由roles当作value的list，这个方法调用形式如下： <o:p></o:p>

$this->set(
 ''Roles'',
 $this->Role->generateList(null, ''role_name ASC'', null, ''id'', ''role_name'')
);

//This would return something like:
array(
 ''1'' => ''Account Manager'',
 ''2'' => ''Account Viewer'',
 ''3'' => ''System Manager'',
 ''4'' => ''Site Visitor''
);

●read($fields=null, $id=null)<o:p></o:p>

○使用这个方法从当前装载的记录或者由$id指定的记录中得到fields和值<o:p></o:p>

<o:p> </o:p>

特定的Sql调用可以使用model的findBySql()方法。举例，在blog应用中，我想存储一个发贴者的first name到一个table中，但是这个table并不是我的cake schema中的一部分。我就可以通过这个model中的一个特定的方法<o:p></o:p>

<o:p> </o:p>

例6.2 Custom Sql Calls With findBySql()<o:p></o:p>

<?php
class Post extends AppModel
{
 function posterFirstName()
 {
 $ret = $this->findBySql("SELECT first_name FROM posters_table
 WHERE poster_id = 1");
 $firstName = $ret[0][''first_name''];
 return $firstName;
 }
}
?>

当然也有query()方法，如果执行成功返回true,失败返回false。因为query语句并不是都返回结果集。比如“DELETE FROM problems WHERE solved = true”<o:p></o:p>

<o:p> </o:p>

1.3 保存数据<o:p></o:p>

为了保存你的数据到model中，你应该向model提供你想要保存的数据。这些数据提交给save()方法应该以下面的形式保存<o:p></o:p>

Array
(
 [modelname] => Array
 (
 [fieldname1] => value
 [fieldname2] => value
 )
)

从form表单提交（post方法）的数据会自动排列成这种形式，并且放置到controller中的$this->params[‘data’],因此，通过web的form表单保存数据非常简单。一个controller的编辑方法可能会像下面这样显示：

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